Reviews

a1. SPOENDLIN, H. Anatomy of cochlear innervation. Am. J. Otolaryngol. 6, 453-467,1985
a2. Pujol R. Anatomie et physiologie de la cochlée. Arch Int Phys Bioch , 97-4, A51-A78, 1989
a3. DALLOS P. Outer hair cells: the inside story. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 1997 May;168:16-22

Books

a11. JAHN A.F.and SANTOS-SACCHI, J.eds, Cochlear physiology. , Raven Press, New York, 1988
a12. DALLOS, P., POPPER, A.N., FAY, R.R. The cochlea. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research Vol. 8, 1996, Springer Verlag, New York.

...and also

a21. RUSSELL, I.J., SELLICK, P.M. Intracellular studies of hair cells in the mammalian cochlea. J. Physiol. (London) 284, 261-290, 1978
a22. DALLOS, P., SANTOS-SACCHI, J., FLOCK, Å Intracellular recordings from cochlear outer hair cells. Science 218, 582-584, 1982
a23. DALLOS, P. Response characteristics of mammalian cochlear hair cells. J. Neurosci. 5, 1591-1608, 1985
a24. ASHMORE, J.F., MEECH, R.W. Ionic basis of membrane potential in outer hair cells of guinea pig cochlea. Nature 322, 368-371, 1986
a25. PUJOL R., LENOIR M., LADRECH S., TRIBILLAC, F. and REBILLARD G., 1991 - Correlation within and across species between the length of outer hair cells and the frequency coding of the cochlea. In: "Auditory Physiology and Perception", Cazals, Demany and Horner (eds), Pergamon Press, pp. 45-52

Reviews

b1. SPOENDLIN, H. Innervation patterns in the organ of Corti of the cat. Acta Otolaryngol. (Stockh.) 67, 239-254, 1969.
b2. SPOENDLIN, H. Anatomy of cochlear innervation. Am. J. Otolaryngol. 6, 453-467,1985
b3. PUJOL, R., LENOIR, M. The four types of synapses in the organ of Corti. In: Neurobiology of Hearing: The Cochlea, R.A. Altschuler, R.P. Bobbin and D.W. Hoffman, eds, Raven Press, New York, pp. 161-172, 1986.
b4. ALTSCHULER, R.A., FEX, J. Efferent neurotransmitters. In: Neurobiology of Hearing: The Cochlea, R.A. Altschuler, R.P. Bobbin and D.W. Hoffman, eds, Raven Press, New York, pp. 383-423, 1986.
b5. PUJOL R., LAVIGNE-REBILLARD M., LENOIR M. Development of sensory and neural structures in the mammalian cochlea. In: Rubel E.W., Popper, A.N., Fay R.R. eds. Development of the auditory system, Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 9, pp 146-192, 1997.

...and also

b11. WARR, W.B., GUINAN, J.J., Jr. Efferent innervation of the organ of Corti: Two separate systems. Brain Res. 173, 152-155, 1979.
b12. BERGLUND, A.M., RYUGO, D.K. () Hair cell innervation by spiral ganglion neurons in the mouse. J. Comp. Neurol. 255, 560-570, 1987.
b13. EYBALIN, M., PUJOL, R. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoelectron microscopy distinguishes at least three types of efferent synapses in the organ of Corti. Exp. Brain Res. 65, 261-270, 1987.

Reviews

c1. Pujol R, (1990) Neurobiologie de la cochlée. Médecine/Sciences, 6: 436-463

...and also

c11. VATER M., LENOIR M. and PUJOL R., 1992, Ultrastructure of the horseshoe bat's organ of Corti. II. Transmission electron microscopy. J. Comp. Neurol., 318, 380-391
c12. Zhao HB, Santos-Sacchi J, 1999. Auditory collusion and a coupled couple of outer hair cells, Nature May 27;399(6734):359-62

d1. BROWNELL WE, BADER CR, BERTRAND D, DE RIBAUPIERRE Y (1985) Evoked mechanical responses of isolated cochlear outer hair cells. Science 227:194-196.
d2. KACHAR, B., BROWNELL, W.E., ALTSCHULER, R., FEX, J. Electrokinetic shape changes of cochlear outer hair cells. Nature 322, 365-367, 1986.
d3. Holley MC, Ashmore JF, A cytoskeletal spring in cochlear outer hair cells. Nature. 1988,335(6191):635-7.
d4. Kalinec, F., M.C. Holley, K.H. Iwasa, D.J. Lim & B. Kachar. 1992. A Membrane-Based Force Generation Mechanism in Auditory Sensory Cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 8671-8675.
d5. Huang G, Santos-Sacchi J, 1994. Motility voltage sensor of the outer hair cell resides within the lateral plasma membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994 Dec 6;91(25):12268-72
d6. Tolomeo, J.A., C.R. Steele & M.C. Holley. 1996. Mechanical properties of the lateral cortex of mammalian auditory outer hair cells. Biophys. J. 71: 421-429.
d7. Le Grimellec C, Vater M, Lenoir M, Giocondi MC and Pujol R, 1999. High resolution imaging of the outer hair cell lateral wall using atomic force microscopy. ARO abstract #359

Active mechanism

Reviews

e1. SANTOS-SACCHI, J. Cochlear physiology. In: Physiology of the Ear, A.F. Jahn and J. Santos-Sacchi, eds, Raven Press, New York, pp. 271-293, 1988.
e2. DALLOS, P. The active cochlea. J. Neurosc., 12, 4575-4585, 1992.
e3. DULON D, ARAN JM (1990) Aspects cellulaires et moléculaires de la transduction mécano-sensorielle dans l'oreille interne. Médecine/Sciences 6:744-754.
e4. Ashmore JF, Kolston PJ, Hair cell based amplification in the cochlea. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1994 Aug;4(4):503-8
e5. ULFENDAHL, M. Mechanical responses of the mammalian cochlea. Prog. Neurobiol., 53, 331-380, 1997.
e6. Ashmore J, Geleoc GS Hearing in the fast lane. Curr Biol 1999 Aug 29 July/12;9(15):R572-R574

...and also

e11. GOLD T (1948) Hearing. The physical basis of the action of the cochlea. Proc R Soc Edinburgh [Biol Sci] 135:492-498.
e12. BROWNELL WE, BADER CR, BERTRAND D, DE RIBAUPIERRE Y (1985) Evoked mechanical responses of isolated cochlear outer hair cells. Science 227:194-196.
e13. KACHAR, B., BROWNELL, W.E., ALTSCHULER, R., FEX, J. Electrokinetic shape changes of cochlear outer hair cells. Nature 322, 365-367, 1986.
e14. ASHMORE JF (1987) A fast motile response in guinea-pig outer hair cells: the cellular basis of the cochlear amplifier. J Physiol (Lond). 1987 Jul;388:323-47.
e15. Zenner HP, Motility of outer hair cells as an active, actin-mediated process. Acta Otolaryngol. (Stockh.) 105, 39-44, 1988.
e16. Dulon D, Zajic G. and Schacht J, Increase in intracellular free calcium induces circumferential contractions in isolated outer hair cells. J. Neurosc. 1990, 10: 1388-97.
e17. Dulon D, Zajic G, Schacht J, Differential motile response of isolated inner and outer hair cells to stimulation by potassium and calcium ions. Hear Res 1991 Mar;52(1):225-31
e18. Mammano F, Kros CJ, Ashmore JF, Patch clamped responses from outer hair cells in the intact adult organ of Corti. Pflugers Arch 1995 Sep;430(5):745-50
e19. Dallos P, Evans BN, Hallworth R. Nature of the motor element in electrokinetic shape changes of cochlear outer hair cells. Nature. 1991 Mar 14;350(6314):155-7.
e20. Dallos P, He DZ, Lin X, Sziklai I, Mehta S, Evans BN, Acetylcholine, outer hair cell electromotility, and the cochlear amplifier. J Neurosci 1997 Mar 5;17(6):2212-26
e21. Geleoc GS, Casalotti SO, Forge A, Ashmore JF. A sugar transporter as a candidate for the outer hair cell motor. Nat Neurosci. 1999 Aug;2(8):713-9.
e22. Zheng J, Shen W, He DZ, Long KB, Madison LD, Dallos P. Prestin is the motor protein of cochlear outer hair cells. Nature. 2000 May 11;405(6783):149-55
e23. Liberman MC, Gao J, He DZ, Wu X, Jia S, Zuo J. Prestin is required for electromotility of the outer hair cell and for the cochlear amplifier. Nature. 2002 Sep 19;419(6904):300-4.

Reviews

f1. Zurek PM, (1985) Acoustic emissions from the ear: a summary of results from humans and animals. J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 78: 340-344
f2. Bonfils P, Uziel A and Pujol R, (1988) Evoked otoacoustic emissions: a fundamental and clinical survey. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 1988;50(4):212-8
f3. Probst R, 1990. Otoacoustic emissions: an overview. Advances in Oto-rhino-laryngology, 44: 1-91
f4. Norton SJ, Application of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions to pediatric populations. Ear Hear 1993 Feb;14(1):64-73
f5. Collet L 1994, Les oto-émissions acoustiques chez l'humain. Arch. internat. Bioch. Physiol., 102: a45-a53.

...and also

f11.GOLD T (1948) Hearing: The physical basis of the action of the cochlea. Proc R Soc Edinburgh [Biol Sci] 135:492-498.
f12. KEMP Otoacoustic emissions, travelling waves and cochlear mechanisms. Hear Res 1986;22:95-104
f13. WILSON JP (1980) Evidence for a cochlear origin for acoustic re-emissions threshold fine structure and tonal tinnitus. Hearing Res., 11: 233-252
f14. PUEL JL, BONFILS P and PUJOL R (1988) Selective attention modifies the active micromechanical properties of the cochlea. Brain Res., 447: 380-383
f15. Puel JL and Rebillard G (1990) Effect of contralateral sound-stimulation on distorsion products 2f1-f2: evidence that medial efferent system is involved. J.A.S.A., 87: 1630-1635.
f16. Collet L, Veuillet E, Moulin A, Morlet T, Giraud AL, Micheyl C, Chery-Croze S, Contralateral auditory stimulation and otoacoustic emissions: a review of basic data in humans. Br J Audiol 1994 Aug-Oct;28(4-5):213-8
f17. Kujawa SG, Glattke TJ, Fallon M, Bobbin RP, Contralateral sound suppresses distortion product otoacoustic emissions through cholinergic mechanisms. Hear Res 1993 Jun;68(1):97-106

...and

Web sites about this subject.